Architectural patterns include elements of system architectures that solve particular system design problem. The
delineation of different layers such as GUI, business logic, and backend is one instance of such a universal pattern
that is broadly applied to software architectures.
In self-organising systems as well as in Organic Computing, feedback loops are a major building block for
self-adaptivity. These "intelligent control loops" allow the observation and control of (sub-)system behaviour. The
MAPE cycle (Murch, 2004) is one prominent example, the Observer/Controller (Richter et al., 2006) another. Additional
architectures can be found in the literature cited below.
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Richard Murch. Autonomic Computing. Prentice Hall, 2004
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U. Richter, M. Mnif, J. Branke, C. Müller-Schloer und H. Schmeck. Towards a generic observer/controller
architecture for Organic Computing. In C. Hochberger and R. Liskowsky, editors, INFORMATIK 2006 – Informatik für
Menschen!, volume P-93 of GI-Edition – Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Seiten 112–119. Köllen Verlag, 2006.
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Gat, E.; Others, (1997). "On three-layer
architectures". Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots: 195–210.
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Jeff Kramer and Jeff Magee. 2007. Self-Managed Systems: an Architectural Challenge. In 2007 Future of Software
Engineering (FOSE '07). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 259-268. doi.
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S. Burmester, H. Giese, and O. Oberschelp. Hybrid UML Components for the Design of Complex Self-optimizing
Mechatronic Systems. In H. Araujo, A. Vieira, J. Braz, B. Encarnacao, and M. Carvalho, editors, Proc. of 1st
International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO 2004), Setubal, Portugal, pages
222–229. INSTICC Press, August 2004.
The integration of security mechanisms, such as a public key infrastructure can also be pattern-driven.
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